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Chenrezig (Avalokiteshvara) In
the Buddhist pantheon of enlightened beings, Avalokiteshvara (Chenrezig)
is renowned as the embodiment of the compassion of all the Buddhas, the
Bodhisattva of Compassion. Avalokiteshvara is the earthly manifestation of
the self born, primordial Amitabha, the Buddha of "Infinite Light and
Boundless Compassion". Avalokiteshvara guards this world in the
interval between the historical Sakyamuni Buddha, and the next Buddha
of the Future, Maitreya.
Avalokiteshvara is the essence of great compassion focused on all sentient
beings, conjoined with the wisdom which clearly perceives that all
phenomena is impermanent, and lacks inherent (independent) existence. According to legend,
Chenrezig made a a vow that he would not rest until he had liberated all
beings from suffering. He also vowed that if he became discouraged, he
would split into many pieces. After working diligently at this task for a
very long time, he looked out and realized the immense number of miserable
beings yet to be saved. Seeing this, he became despondent, and split into
thousands of pieces. Amitabha Buddha put the pieces back together as a
body with eleven heads and 1,000 arms, so that Chenrezig could help many
beings at the same time. Depending on the meditation practice given,
Chenrezig may be visualized in his other forms; as a Buddha with one head
and two arms, or most often, with four arms. Chenrezig is known by different names in different lands: as Avalokiteshvara in the ancient Sanskrit language of India, as Kuan-yin in China, and as Kannon in Japan. Whenever we are compassionate, or feel altruistic love for anyone, for an animal or any part of the natural world, we experience a taste of our own Chenrezig nature. Buddhists believe that we all share the same innate mind-nature of unconditional compassion and wisdom.
"Om Mani Padme Hum"
is the short mantra of Chenrezig. It is said that all the teachings of the
Buddha are contained in this mantra. The sound of Aum or Om signifies the
three indivisibles of body, speech and mind. Mani means jewel, and Padma
means lotus. When Padma changes to Padme, it carries the additional
quality of supplication. Avalokiteshvara is also called "The Jewel in
the Lotus", and his mantra is "The Jewel Holder" as it
holds a treasure of blessings for all who recite it. The six syllables of
this mantra close the doorways to rebirth in the lower realms of cyclic
existence. The six syllables also contain the essence of the six
perfections of generosity, ethical discipline, tolerance or patience,
joyous effort, concentration and wise discrimination.
The Benefits of Chanting om
mani padme hum Excerpted from Lama Zopa Rinpoche’s invitation to join the Chenrezig Institute mani retreat, composed by Rinpoche during a stay at Deer Park Buddhist Center in Madison, Wisconsin, USA in July 2000, scribed and edited by Ven. Lhundup Damchö; excerpt edited by Dr. Nick Ribush. Rinpoche’s entire teachings at the retreat have been edited by Ven. Ailsa Cameron and will be published for free distribution by the Lama Yeshe Wisdom Archive in Teachings from the Mani Retreat, due in late 2001. The benefits of reciting the Compassion Buddha mantra are infinite, like the limitless sky. Even if you don’t have much intellectual understanding of Dharma, even if the only thing you know is om mani padme hum, still the happiest life is one lived with an attitude free of the eight worldly concerns. If you live your life with the pure attitude free of attachment clinging to this life and simply spend your life chanting om mani padme hum—this six-syllable mantra that is the essence of all Dharma—that’s the purest Dharma. It looks very simple, very easy to recite. But if you think of the benefits, it’s not at all simple. Here, I’d to mention just the essence of its infinite benefits. Reciting the Compassion Buddha mantra just once completely purifies the four defeats of breaking the four root vows of self-liberation and the five uninterrupted negative karmas1. It is also mentioned in the tantras that by reciting this mantra you achieve the four qualities of being born in the Amitabha Buddha pure land and other pure lands; at the time of death, seeing Buddha and lights appearing in the sky; the devas making you offerings; and never being reborn in the hell, hungry ghost or animals realms. You will be reborn in the pure land of Buddha or as a happy transmigratory being. When one who recites ten malas a day goes swimming, whether in a river, an ocean or some other body of water, the water that touches that person’s body gets blessed. It is said that up to seven generations of that person’s descendents won’t get reborn in the lower realms. The reason for this is that due to the power of mantra, the body is blessed by the person reciting the mantra and visualizing their body in form of the holy body of Chenrezig. Therefore, the body becomes so powerful, so blessed that this affects the consciousness up to seven generations and has the effect that if one dies with a non-virtuous thought, one is not reborn in a lower realm. Thus, when a person who has recited ten malas of om mani padme hum a day goes into a river or an ocean, the water that touches the person’s body gets blessed, and this blessed water then purifies all the billions and billions of sentient beings in the water. So it’s unbelievably beneficial; this person saves the animals in that water from the most unbelievable suffering of the lower realms. When such a person walks down a road and the wind touches his or her body and then goes on to touch insects, their negative karma gets purified and causes them to have a good rebirth. Similarly, when such a person does massage or otherwise touches others’ bodies, those people’s negative karma also gets purified. Such a person becomes meaningful to behold; being seen and touched becomes a means of liberating other sentient beings. This means that even the person’s breath touching the bodies of other sentient beings purifies their negative karma. Anybody who drinks the water in which such a person has swum gets purified. We are unbelievably fortunate to have met the Dharma and to have the opportunity to do recitation and meditation on the Compassion Buddha. It is an easy way of purifying whatever negative karma we have collected, in not only this life but in many previous lives as well. Because we have met the Buddhadharma, and especially this method--the practice of Compassion Buddha and recitation of his mantra--it is easy to purify negative karma and collect extensive merit and thus to achieve enlightenment. We are unbelievably fortunate. Therefore, there is nothing more foolish than not taking advantage of this great opportunity. Normally, we get continuously distracted and waste our lives. Not only that, but all the actions done with ego and with the three poisonous minds of anger, attachment and ignorance create negative karma, the cause of suffering. In all existence, there is nothing more foolish than using this perfect human body to create only suffering. In places such as Tibet, Nepal, India and Ladakh, there’s a well-established tradition of doing the Compassion Buddha retreat and reciting 100 million om mani padme hum mantras. The one held at Chenrezig Institute was the first such retreat held in the West and the first in the FPMT organization. This is to happen there once each year—only once each year! If you’re feeling guilt in your life, you can overcome this through the purification of attending this retreat. The retreat is not just chanting mantras with sadhanas, but also includes taking the Eight Mahayana Precepts, if not every day, at least frequently. Whatever merit you collect that day increases 100,000 times. This becomes such an easy and quick way to purify, collect extensive merit, achieve enlightenment and liberate sentient beings from unimaginable suffering and bring them to enlightenment quickly. Whoever attends a mani retreat is unbelievably fortunate. Even if you can’t attend the whole retreat, you can participate for two months, one month or at least a few weeks. You can do even just one week. I especially hope this retreat will also be established in Mongolia, since their main food is meat and so many animals are killed there every day. This practice helps purify that. After our temple in Mongolia has been built, I hope that thousands of people will attend mani retreats there. Gradually too, I would like this retreat to be established in other parts of the West. This retreat also blesses the country where it is held and brings so much peace, happiness and prosperity. Even if you know the teachings on how to meditate on bodhicitta, you still need to receive the special blessings of the deity, Compassion Buddha. You receive these by doing the meditation and recitation we practice in the mani retreat. Therefore, recitation of om mani padme hum is one way to actualize bodhicitta--to transform your mind into bodhicitta and make your meditation on bodhicitta effective. Generally, according to my experience, in my home of Solu Khumbu in the Himalayas of Nepal, there are people who live their lives chanting om mani padme hum but have no idea of the three principal aspects of the path--renunciation, bodhicitta and the right view of emptiness--not even the words. Even though they can’t read and don’t even know the alphabet, they have great devotion to compassion and bodhicitta and live their lives reciting om mani padme hum. Such people are warm-hearted, very kind, very compassionate. This is proof from my experience that it has the effect of transforming the mind into a good heart and compassion. Without bodhicitta, you cannot cause all the happiness for all sentient beings. You cannot do perfect work for all sentient beings, and you cannot achieve the complete qualities of the realizations and cessation, even for yourself. Thus, everyone is most welcome to join the 100 million om mani padme hum mantra retreat. Footnotes
The
Meaning Of The Short Chenrezig Mantra Om
Mani Padme Hum MANI
is method, PADME is wisdom; so MANI PADME is method-wisdom. Buddha
revealed the lesser vehicle teachings, the mahayana paramitayana teachings
and the mahayana vajrayana teachings. There is method-wisdom in the lesser
vehicle teachings, method-wisdom in the mahayana paramitayana teachings
and method-wisdom in the mahayana vajrayana teachings. So MANI PADME
contains everything: the hinayana lesser vehicle teachings of
method-wisdom, the mahayana paramitayana method-wisdom and the mahayana
vajrayana method-wisdom. By
practising method-wisdom together, as signified by MANI PADME, one
purifies the stains of body, speech and mind. This is signified by the OM
– A U MA – these three sounds integrate to make OM, which signifies
the vajra holy body, holy speech and holy mind of Buddha. By practising
the method-wisdom signified by MANI PADME together, one purifies one's own
ordinary body, speech and mind and they become inseparable from Buddha's
vajra holy body, holy speech and holy mind. So the OM – AH U MA –
signifies the three vajras. Then,
MANI PADME also signifies the mahaanuttarayoga tantra path. What I
explained before is general. Now, more specifically, by depending on the
path of the generation stage, which is the method of the profound secret
mantra that ripens the mind, and on the completion stage, which liberates
the mind, you can cease the circle of suffering, the base-time ordinary
birth, death and intermediate state; actualize the path-time dharmakaya,
sambhogakaya, nirmanakaya; and achieve the result-time dharmakaya,
sambhogakaya, nirmanakaya. So achieving these three kayas, which are
inseparable, is signified by the OM – A U MA. Then,
another meaning of MANI PADME: PADME is lotus, MANI is jewel. The lotus
grows from mud but is unstained by the mud, so the reason why the
Compassionate Buddha is holding a lotus is to signify that the
Compassionate Buddha has completely purified and abandoned the root of
samsara, ignorance – the concept of true existence. Not only that, but
the Compassionate Buddha has purified even the subtle imprints and
obscurations by the great wisdom directly perceiving emptiness. Therefore
the Compassionate Buddha is not abiding even in the lower nirvana, the
extreme of samsara. The Compassionate Buddha is not bound in that blissful
state of peace, that is why he or she – whichever way is manifested –
is holding the white lotus.
The reason why the Compassionate Buddha is holding a jewel in the
hand, which in Sanskrit is "MANI", is that the Compassionate
Buddha has achieved the highest peerless peace, the great enlightenment
and because the Compassionate Buddha's holy mind is bound by great
compassion he or she is not just abiding in that state of peace but
instead manifesting in whatever form fits the different sentient beings
with their different characteristics of mind. In this way, the
Compassionate Buddha reveals various skilful means to fit the different
sentient beings, and, like a wish-granting jewel, eliminates every single
problem and suffering of the sentient beings and grants every single
benefit and happiness to the sentient beings – temporary happiness and
ultimate happiness. Because the Compassionate Buddha fulfills the wishes
of all sentient beings the two hands are put together in the mudra of
holding a jewel. Now
the meaning of HUM. In the root tantra Dorje Tsemo ("Tip of the
Vajra") it is mentioned: I am going to explain the meaning of HUM. HUM destroys the suffering.
It kills the evil beings by the mantra... This means the many sentient
beings who harm or destroy the teachings of Buddha, the source of all
sentient beings' happiness. ...and
it cuts the lasso of samsara. A lasso is something that you use to tie
things, like tying an animal to a stick, post or hook. The "lasso of
samsara" is attachment, which ties us to samsara. So HUM cuts the
lasso of samsara. Therefore,
remember the HUM is the supreme one. MANI
PADME is the Compassionate Buddha Chenrezig's holy name. So MANI PADME is
like calling "Mum!", "Mother!" or "Father!"
MANI PADME is just like calling out to your mother or father. HUM
persuades the Compassionate Buddha's holy mind. It is an imperative:
"May the blessings of your holy mind, the great compassion, enter my
heart, my mental continuum!" So that is the essential meaning of the
HUM in OM MANI PADME HUM. Other
than this, MANI is dependent-arising, the truth for the all-obscuring
mind. All of existence can be condensed into two truths: the truth for the
all-obscuring mind or dependent-arising and the truth for the absolute
wisdom. So MANI signifies the truth for the all-obscuring mind,
dependent-arising, and PADME signifies the truth for the absolute wisdom.
Then HUM is the unification of dependent-arising and emptiness. Also,
MANI is appearance. First we label "I", then there is the
appearance of an I existing from its own side, independent and unlabelled.
So the MANI signifies appearance: the appearance of samsara,
nirvana, the appearance of whatever is in this room, of oneself and
others, everything. All these appearances appear to exist from their own
side and not as merely labelled by the mind. Then PADME signifies
emptiness. So you see, all these appearances including I, action, object,
samsara, nirvana, all these things that are appearing to us as existing
from their own side and not as merely labelled by the mind, all these are
completely empty, right there. They do not exist at all, not even the
slightest atom. Because everything that exists is merely labelled by the
mind, everything is empty. So MANI is appearance; PADME seeing that all
these appearances are empty of true existence; HUM the inseparability of
emptiness and appearance. For
example, while you are seeing a mirage, there is the appearance of water
but at the same time you understand that there is no water. Similarly, all
these things appear to you as truly existent but you understand at the
same time that this appearance is not real, it is empty. So MANI signifies
appearance; PADME signifies emptiness; HUM unifies these two. From
the general meaning I gave in the very first explanation of OM MANI PADME
HUM you can see that depending on how much you understand the
method-wisdom of the lesser vehicle path, the paramitayana path and the
lower tantras such as kriya tantra you can elaborate on your understanding
of the mantra. There are also ways to relate OM MANI PADME HUM to the
generation and completion stages of highest tantra, mahaanuttarayoga
tantra. And you can relate OM MANI PADME HUM just purely to the completion
stage: MANI is the illusory body, PADME is clear light, and HUM the
unification of these two, the result – the unification of
no-more-learning. So
by reciting HUM, you persuade Chenrezig's holy mind and the blessings of
Chenrezig's holy mind enter into your own heart. Because of this cause
blessing, you actualize the method-wisdom of the whole path to
enlightenment – sutra, mahayana, vajrayana – which is signified by
MANI PADME. Your ordinary body, speech and mind are purified and transform
into, for example, the Compassionate Buddha's vajra holy body, holy speech
and holy mind, which is signified by AH U MA – OM. When
somebody who knows the whole path recites OM MANI PADME HUM, it is like
doing a direct meditation on the whole path to enlightenment. So by
thinking of the meaning, you can meditate on the whole path by reciting OM
MANI PADME HUM. (Edited by Ven Sarah from a
talk given in Singapore, 25 January 1993).
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